The cold cap system |
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Prevention of hair
loss
Preventing as much of the chemotherapy
drug getting to your scalp as possible
can do this. This is done using a cold
cap that acts to cool the scalp and therefore restrict blood circulating in that
area and reaching the follicles. The availability and types of cold cap used
varies from hospital to hospital. The cap put on fifteen minutes before
chemotherapy to start restricting blood flow, and kept on during and up to 1-2 hours after your chemotherapy.
This does mean that your time in the unit is longer.
Not everyone can tolerate wearing the cold cap as it can feel very cold. It also increases the time spent in the chemotherapy unit as it must be worn for a little time after the infusion of drugs has finished. This discomfort varies from patient to patient so it is not a failure if you can't wear it and it has no influence on the outcome of your treatment. In a clinical trials to date, however, less than 2% of patients who had retained their hair did not continue with the procedure.
The cold caps are effective in preventing hair loss for most chemotherapy drugs. Some individuals however still loose their hair despite using it and some drugs are more likely to cause hair loss than others (see table below). Your doctor or nurse will be able to advise you.
How it works?
Studies have shown that scalp cooling is effective in
preventing hair loss in patients treated with some chemotherapy
drugs. Cooling the scalp
to a temperature of +17 oC to achieve a subcutaneous temperature of
+20 0C (68 oF) constricts the blood supply to hair follicles diminishing or
abolishing their perfusion hence preventing high chemotherapy dose delivery during
the initial phase of chemotherapy. Further, coldness itself reduces the
availability of (chemotherapy) cytotoxic drugs to the cells of the hair follicles by directly
reducing their metabolic rate. It is the combined effect of both these
mechanisms, induced by cooling the scalp, that prevents or reduces hair loss (alopecia).
How effective is it?
The cold cap system works better for some drugs than others.
Clinical trials show a success rate of
up to 85% with Docetaxel (taxotere), Epirubicin, Cyclophosphamide, Paclitaxel
(Taxol) and many other drugs which as seen in the table below do normally cause
hair loss without it., :-
Drugs
which cause hair loss without the cold cap
Drugs which usually do cause hair loss |
Drugs which sometimes cause hair loss |
Drugs which usually don't cause hair loss |
Adriamycin | Amsacrine | Methotrexate |
Daunorubicin | Cytarabine | Carmustine(BCNU) |
Etoposide | Bleomycin | Mitroxantrone |
Irinotecan (Campto) | Busulphan | Mitomycin C |
Cyclophosphamide | 5 Fluorouracil | Carboplatin |
Epirubicin | Melphalan | Cisplatin |
Docetaxel, (Taxotere) |
Vincristine | Procarbazine |
Paclitaxel, (Taxol) | Vinblastine | 6-Mercaptopurine |
Ifosphamide | Lomustine(CCNU) | Sreptozotocin |
Vindesine | Thiotepa | Fludarabine |
Vinorelbine | Gemcitabine | Raltitrexate (Tomudex) |
Topotecan | Capecitabine |
Find out more about
cold caps:-
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